Cutter-head.



H. H. PAYZANT.

CUTTER HEAD. APPLICATION FILED MAY]. 1911.

HEET 1.

Patented M 2 SHEET ATTORN EY H. H. PAYZANT.

CUTTER HEAD. APPLICATION FILED MAY 1, I917- Patented May 7, 1918.

2 SHEETS-sun 2.

. a w v r/Z J 4 HHH I I I I I I H H" h l l h H l l WITNESSES ATTO R N EY HENRY H. IPAYZANT, 0F EVERETT, WASHINGTON, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF TO EARL M. ROGERS, OF EVERETT, WASHINGTON.

CUTTER-HEAD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 7, 1918.

Application filed May 1, 1917. Serial No. 165,655.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY I-I. PAYZANT,

a citizen of the United States, residing at.

Everett, in the county of Snohomish and State of Washington, have invented a new and useful Cutter-Head, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to cutter heads for wood working machinery, and its object is to provide a cutter head in which discarded pieces of cutter blades are utilizable.

In planing or finishing a piece of lumber into flooring, ceiling, shiplap, etc., the two surfaces are planed by straight knives held inplace in the top and bottom heads of the planing machine. The edges of the lumber are planed and shaped by specially shaped cutters, knives or bits held in place in the cutter heads, and the latter are mounted on the upper ends of upright shafts on opposite sides of the piece of lumber being worked.

Such shafts are known as spindles and revolve very rapidly, say, about 3,600, revolutions per minute.

Prior to this invention the cutters, knives or bits have been of special size or form and some are of considerable size. For the proper performance of the work it is necessary to keep the knives and bits sharp by grinding them, ,wherefore they are soon ground away to an extent that they must be replaced by new ones.

Such cutters are made of high speed steel and are of special size and shape, and consequently are very expensive. By means of this invention such hitherto waste pieces of high grade and expensive steel are readily utilizable and consequently there is a very material saving in expense since the cutter head is capable of using knives and bits made from such waste steel, and such knives and bits are moreover capable of being extended as they are ground ofi" in sharpening, so-that the ultimate waste represents but a small fraction of the waste that has heretofore been considered as unavoidable. a The invention has special reference to the construction of the cutterhead, whereby the desirable economies resulting from the use of heretofore waste materials are brought about.

The invention willbe best understood from: a consideration ofthe following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, with the further understanding that While the drawings show a practical form of the invention, the latter is not confined to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawings, but may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modifications come within the scope of the appended claims.

In the drawings Figure l is a plan view of a cutter head with some parts broken away and in section to display otherwise hidden parts of the cutter head, the showing being that of the inside or groove forming head for tongue and groove stuff.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1, with certain parts in elevation.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the adjacent portions of the inside and outside cutter heads with the section taken through the bits and set screws therefor arranged for producing the tongues and grooves on opposite sides of flooring, ceiling, etc.

Fig. 4: is a fragmentary plan view similar to Fig. 1 of a portion of the outside or tongue cutter head.

Since the two cutter heads are in the main of like construction, the principal difference being that one is a right hand cutter head and the other a left hand cutter head, and the bits and knives are slightly difierent, the description of one cutter head will apply to the other cutter head, and consequently the same description and reference numerals where applicable are used with respect to both cutter heads. In the drawings the inside or groove cutter head is designated generally by A and the outside or tongue cutter head is designated generally by B. Each cutter head is mounted upon an upright shaft or spindle 1, as is customary in wood working machinery of the type to which the invention relates. Carried by the spindle and projecting above the latter is an exteriorly tapered split sleeve 2 terminating at the upper end in a cap 3 axially bored and screwthreaded, as indicated at 4, to receive an exterior screw-threaded plug 5 which at the upper end of the threaded portion, the parts being upright in the installed 7 in a head 8 of hexagonal or other suitable shape toreceive a manipulating tool. iln'closing the sleeve 2 is a socket or shell 9 having at its lower end a taper portion 10 about the lower taper portion of the sleeve 2, and this taper portion has an exterior taper 1 .a purpose which will hereinafter app 1 -Above the taper portion 11 is an exteriorly threaded portion 12 also for a purpose which will presently appear. fii' iiihe 'shll 9is of a length to extend above filie'cap 3 and terminates in an inwardly dir'eoted'radial flange 13 overriding the flange 61 and provided with a top recess 14 in which i'sfiseated a diametrically divided collar 15 u niilerriding the head 8.

sdExtending axially through the nut 5, flange 6, cylindrical extension 7 and head 8 ads set screw 16, the parts through which it extends being suitably threaded for the aurpose, and this set screw bears at its lower n'd against the upper end of the spindle 1. Why means of the set screw 16 and screw pltr'g 5 the shell 9 and sleeve 2 may be located at a proper height upon the spindle air-rd tightly clamped in position by the reaction of the taper portions of the split sleeve 2 and the shell 9 upon each other to cause the split sleeve 2 to firmly grip the spindle.

abMounted upon the taper portion 11 of the shell 9 are upper and lower disks 17 and 18 ,1 respectively, constituting the body of a cutter head. The disk 17 is provided about what constitutes its upper peripheral pormen with a circumferential rabbet 19 and the disk 18 at what constitutes its lower peripheral portion is provided with a similais rabbet 20. Applied to the upper face ocfiathe disk 17 is a face plate 21 having a peripheral flange or tongue 22 entering the itahbet 19, and applied to the lower face of disk 18 is another face plate 23 having a p 'eigipheral tongue 2 1 entering the rabbet 20. Ellie disks 17 and 18 and the face plate 23 air; axially taper bored to fit the taper 11 of the shell 9, while the face plate 21 may beistraight bored to fit a cylindrical portion oitej the shell 9 below the exterior screw threads 12, to which latter there is applied aislock nut 2 lwith spanner sockets 25 or oiilger provision for the application of a trad, whereby the lock nut may be screwed tightly against the face plate 21 to firmly shure the cutter head on the spindle shell 9xn-nd through'the latter on the spindle.

arrangement provides for the accurate tentering of the cutter head upon the spindle and the recentering thereof should the cutter head' become decentered in use.

idxn machinery of the type of this invention 7 iidiere a cutter head of considerable size and weight revolves at very high speed, an exneinely small decentermg is liable to prove isastrous, and hence means for accurate groove forming head and the bits 28 being carried by the outside or tongue forming head, the only difference between the bits 27 and the bits 28 being in the shape of their cutting portions so as to adapt them to cut grooves or tongues, as the case may dicated at C in Fig.3, which work maybe considered as :a piece of tongue and groove flooring or ceiling. Of course, theknives and bits, or the knives without the bits, will vary in accordance with the work ;to be operated upon In the particular showing'of the drawings each cutter head is assumed to have eight circumferentially disposed knives or pairs of knives, and eight circumferentially disposed bits or pairs of bits, it being cuSt0mary to form the bits and knives inpairs in order to utilize small discarded cutters. In order to seat the knives the disks 17 and 18 have slots 29 milled into them-fromthe peripheral portion in tangentialrelation to a circle intermediate of the centerand periphery of the disk, so that the exposed cutting edges of the knives are set .at the proper angle, which angle may be thatcustomarily employed.

The meeting faces of the disks 17 and 18 have seats or channels 30 milled into them to receive the bits 27 or 28, as the case may be.

Adjacent but in suitably spaced-relation to each slot 29 is another milled slot 31 formed ineach disk 17 and 18, and between the slots 29 and 31 the peripheral portion of the disk may be slightly out back, as indicated at 32 for a purpose which will presently appear.

Extending through or into the disk 17 coincident with the seats 30 for therespec tive bits are threaded passages 33 matching other smooth passages 34 through the face plate 21. Entering the threaded passages 33 through the passages'34: are set screws35 having headed ends 36 suitably shaped for the application of a tool, and these set screws are long enough to each have a nut 37 applied thereto exterior to the face plate 21.

be, in the respective edges of the workin- The end of each set screw 35 remote from which also may be utilized for holding the face plate 21 firmly against the disk 17. The face plate 23 is secured to the disk 18 by screws or bolts 40, or in any other appropriate manner.

Extending through the disks l7 and 18 and traversing the slots 31 are bolts 41 each formed where within the disk 18 with a taper head 42. -Each bolt 41 has a threaded end 43 remote from the end 42, and of sufficient length to extend above the face plate 21 where it has a nut 44 applied to it. The threaded end of each bolt 41 carries a cone 45 seated in a conical enlargement 46 of the passage provided in the disk 17 for the bolt 41. V hen the nut 44 is tightened the conical end 42 of the bolt and the conical sleeve 45 tend to spread those portions of the disks between the bolt and the adjacent slot 29 seating a knife 26, with the result that the knife is firmly clamped in its seat in the slot. Because of the spreading and consequent displacement of the portion of the disk between the two slots 29 and 31, the peripheral portion of the disk is forced outwardly to a corresponding extent, and hence it is that the cut back portion 32 is provided, for the rest of the peripheral part of each disk 17 and 18 is held from expansion by the face plate 21 or 23, as the case may be, and the respective flanges 22 and 24 which are seated in the rabbets 19 and 20. The repeated spreading of the disks by the bolts 41 on replacing and clamping the knives after removing them for sharpening and adjustment is liable to unbalance the cutter head and to produce a strain in the parts thus distorted from time to time, so that unless great care is taken in accurately tightening the nuts 44 the cutter head becomes unbalanced, and such unbalancing is detrimental even though it be slight. This trouble is wholly obviated by the use of the face plates 21 and 23 which effectively prevent distorting of the disk because of rigid limitation of the spread of the disk throughout the greater portion of its mass, and the resistance to any effect upon the disk other than in the very small portions defined between the slots 29 and 31, wherefore even though the knives be frequently removed and replaced unbalancing of the disk as a whole is practically avoided and without requiring special care.

The knives are used to face all the edges of the work represented at C, and these knives are for reasons already stated preferably provided in pairs and held in the respective disks 17 and 18. The knives on the inside or groove producing cutter head extend across the periphery ofthe cutter head, while the knives in the tongue-forming or outside cutter head stop short of that portion ofthe work in which the tongue is formed.

The knives or cutters as ordinarily used are of considerable width, but by repeated resharpening become too narrow for further use, and in cutter heads as heretofore constructed such narrow strips must be discarded. However, the cutter head of this invention provides for the employment of the comparatively long, narrow strips of previously used knives or cutters by cutting them into shorter lengths still longer than wide and sharpening one end, the cutting edge being then in the direction of the width of the discarded cutter. The width of the cutterso made is much less than that of the original cutter and it is for this reason that the new knives and bits are arranged in pairs in order to utilize the heretofore discarded narrow pieces of the original cutters, thus materially prolonging the life of the cutters, so that the amount of material which must be finally discarded represents only a small fractional portion of the material which it has previously been considered as necessary to discard, and which discarded material represented a considerable money value because of the high price of high speed steel.

While the manner of fastening the cutter head to the spindle has been described in some detail, it is to be understood that any other appropriate means for the purpose may be employed.

'l Vhat is claimed is 1. A cutter head for wood planing machines for the utilization of small pieces of short discarded cutter tools, comprising a body portion composed of two disks in face to face contact with tool-receiving recesses or seats in the facing portions, and other tool-receiving seats extending entirely through the disks, said last-named tool-receiving seats being in the form of slots and having associated therewith other registering slots extending through both disks, and expansion members extending through the last-named registering slots for forcing the intervening portions of the two disks into clamping relation to a tool or tools in the second-named slots, whereby the cutter head is adapted to carry tools built up by the association of otherwise useless portions of discarded cutters.

2. A cutter head for wood planing machinery for the utilization of discarded cutter tools, comprising a body portion with companion slots, one for receiving tools, and expansion members associated with the portion of the cutter head body between the companion slots for forcing said portion of the cutter head body into clamping relation with tools seated in the tool receivingslots, the cutter head body being provided with face plates and marginal flanges overlapping the peripheral portion of the body with those portions of the body between the companion slots cut away to permit movement named slots for expanding those portions of the disks toward the tool seating companion slots to clamp cutting tools therein.

4. A cutter head for wood planing machinery for the utilization of small wast-e strips of cutter tools comprising a cutter head body formed of companion disks in face to face relation with said disks having seats formed in them on the facing portions and entering slots extending through the disks from face to face, said disks provided with other slots adjacent to the first-named slots, set'screws associated with the seats for holding tools therein, and expansion members associated with the last-named slots for expanding those portions of the disks toward the tool companion slots to clamp cutting tools therein, the expansion members comprising bolts each with a taper end lodged in one disk and a taper sleeve lodged in the other disk with the threaded end of the bolt traversing the taper sleeve.

5; A cutter head for'wood planing machinery for the utilization of discarded strips of cutter tools comprising a body portion consisting of two disks in face to face relation with seats formed in the facing portions of the respective disks to receive tools and one of the disks having set screws: for holding the tools in their seats, and said disks being provided with companion entering slots at their peripheral portions 10- ca'ted between the tool receiving seats with certain of the companion slots arranged to receive tools and the other adjacent ones of the companion slots having expansion means associated therewith to spread the intervening portions of the disks into clamping relation to the tools seated in the slots.

6 A cutter head for .wood planing machinery for the utilization of discarded strips of cutter tools comprising a body portion consisting of two disks in face to face relation with seats ,formed in the facing portions of the respectii e disks to receive tools and one of the disks having set screws for holding the tools in their seats, and said disks being provided with companion entering slots at their peripheral portions located between the tool'receiving seats with certain of the companion slotsarranged to receive tools and the other adjacent ones of the companion slots having expansion means associated therewith to spread the intervening portions of the disks into clamping relation to the tools seated in the slots, said expansion means comprising bolts traversing both disks with the ends of the bolts in one disk tapering andthe other ends of the bolts having tapering sleeves applied thereto and seated in the other disk. r

7. A cutter head'for wood planing machinery for theutilization of waste pieces ofcutting tools, comprising a pair of disks in face to face relation, each with seats for receiving cutting bits and one of the disks having set screws arranged to clamp the bits in the seats of both disks, said set'screws havingthe ends within the disk carrying it hardened, and cushion blocks of softer ma terial than either the tool or the set screw interposed between each set screw and the tool held thereby.

8. A cutter head for wood planing machines, comprising a pair ofdisks in faceto face contact and each provided with a series of peripherally entering slots to receive tools, and other peripherally entering slots each associated with and spaced from one of the tool-receiving slots, and expansion means extending through and engaging both disks and associated with each of the second-named slots for simultaneously forcing the metal of the disks between the slots toward the tool-receiving slots, whereby to clamp tools therein.

9. A cutter head for wood planing machinery'for the utilization of waste pieces of cutters, comprising two disks in face to face relation, .face plates applied to the outer faces of the disks with each face plate having a peripheral flange and each disk being provided with a peripheral rabbetto receive the flange, the disks having tool receiving peripherally entering slots, and other companion peripherally entering slots spaced from but adjacent tothe tool receiving slots,

and expansion means in coactive relation to those portions of each disk between the tool receiving slots and their companionslots for forcing the intervening metal of the disk into clamping relation to a tool seated in the tool receiving slot. l

10. A cutterhead for wood planing machinery for the utilization of waste pieces of cutters, comprising two disks in face to face relation, face plates applied to the outer faces of the disks with each face plate having a peripheral flange and each diskbeing provided with a peripheral rabbet to receive the flange, the disks having tool receiving peripherally entering slots, and other companion peripherally entering slots spaced from but adjacent to the tool receiving slots, and expansion means in coactive relation to those portions of each disk between the tool receiving slots and their companion slots for forcing the intervening metal of the disk into clamping relation to a tool seated in the tool receiving slot, those portions of the body of the disk between the tool receiving slots and the companion slots being cut back to avoid interference With the marginal flanges on the face plates.

11. A cutter head for Wood planing machines having a body portion comprising two disks in face to face contact With peripherally entering pairs of slots in companion series, one slot of each pair being adapted to receive a tool and the other slot having a transverse reversely tapered counterbore extending through both disks, and a bolt fitted in the tapered counter-bores in each of the 1ast-named slots in both disks, and having tapered portions in each counterbore.

12. A cutter head for Wood planing machinery, comprising a pair of disks in face to face contact and formed with pairs of slots, with the slots of one disk registering with those of the other, and expansion means extending through certain registering slots in the disks and connecting and acting upon bothdisks to simultaneously close the neighboring registering slots upon tools lodged therein.

13. A cutter head for Wood planing mawith those of the other disk to allow the reception of narrow bits to be received in the slots of each disk, or Wide bits to fit the registering slots of both disks together, and expansion means common to both disks and connecting them for simultaneously expand ing the registering tool-receiving slots.

1%. A cutter head for Wood planing machinery having a body portion comprising two disks in face to face contact and face plates engaging the other faces of the disks, said disks having tool receptacles, and the cutter head body having a taper bore, a taper carrying member fitted to the taper bore of the cutter head body, and a locking nut threaded onto the carrying member and bearing against the face plate at the smaller end of the taper bore of the cutter head body to clamp the disks and face plates together on said carrying member.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

HENRY H. PAYZANT.

Witnesses:

F. H. MARTIN, Tnos. CALLow.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. (2." 

